1:Thornpson,A.P.(1983).Extramarital sex :A review of the research
literature Journal of sex Research,19,1-22
2:Weiss,D.L,&Slosnerick,M.(1981).Altutudes toward sexual and
nonsexual involvements among a sample of college students. journal of
Marriage and Family,43,349-358
3、Projected Extramarital Sexual Involvement in Unmarried College Students
Author(s): Lee H. Bukstel, Gregory D. Roeder, Peter R. Kilmann, James Laughlin and Wayne M. Sotile Source: Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 40, No. 2 (May, 1978), pp. 337-340
4、A Multivariate Model of the Determinants of Extramarital Sexual Permissiveness Author(s): Ira L. Reiss, Ronald E. Anderson and G. C. Sponaugle Source: Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 42, No. 2 (May, 1980), pp. 395-411
5、Attitudes toward Sexual and Nonsexual Extramarital Involvements among a Sample of College Students Author(s): David L. Weis and Michael Slosnerick Source: Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 43, No. 2 (May, 1981), pp. 349-358
6、Extramarital Sex: A Review of the Research Literature Author(s): Anthony P. Thompson Source: The Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Feb., 1983), pp. 1-22
The institution of marriage has undergone significant changes in recent decades as women have outpaced men in education and earnings growth. These unequal gains have been accompanied by gender role reversals in both the spousal characteristics and the economic benefits of marriage.
A larger share of men in 2007, compared with their 1970 counterparts, are married to women whose education and income exceed their own, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of demographic and economic trend data. A larger share of women are married to men with less education and income.
“中国学者钱岳发表于Journal of Marriage and Family的文章Gender Asymmetry in Educational and Income Assortative Marriage。该研究获得了2019年度美国家庭协会(NCFR)颁发的的Alexis Walker奖。本文揭示了美国1980年代到2010年代间,女性与比自己收入更高的男性结婚的这一趋势鲜少发生改变,且这一趋势在妻子的学历与丈夫持平或比丈夫更高的夫妻中更普遍。” “教育领域的性别比例逆转已经重新塑造了美国的婚姻市场。利用1980年美国人口普查数据和2008-2012年美国社区调查数据,作者利用对数线性模型检验了新婚夫妇里教育与收入婚姻匹配中的性别不对称现象。从1980年到2008-2012年,教育婚姻匹配的趋势完成了从女性向上婚到男性向上婚的转变;然而,女性与比自己收入更高的男性结婚的趋势持续依旧。更重要的是,在本研究检验的两个时间段中,相比妻子的教育水平低于丈夫的夫妇,女性收入向上婚(女性与收入更高的人结婚)这一现象在妻子的教育水平与丈夫持平或更高的夫妇中更普遍。”
“当女性与学历比自己低的人结婚的时候,她们会选择与比自己收入更高的人结婚。这种更高学历的女性与更高收入的男性的平衡可能会受到择偶市场中的男性与女性的欢迎。从女性的视角来看,在一群收入更低的人里寻找配偶时,选择收入更高的男性可以带给她们更多的收益。而且,男性并不需要有更高的学历来获得比女性更高的收入。在多数情况下,即使女性全职工作也会比持有相同甚至更低学历的人收入更低(见Institute for Women’s Policy Research 2015)。”